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Taxonomy of Wilderness Problems

Wilderness problems are a set of issues that take place in remote areas where land and open water has specific protection levels and use rights. This taxonomy helps categorize wilderness problems into a set of more specific behaviors grouped by threat type.The taxonomy can be used during the scanning phase of SARA to make clear distinctions between similar or overlapping problems.

Click here for the web version of the taxonomy.

Click here for a systemic map protocol for finding and organizing evidence on the effectiveness of counter-wildlife crime interventions (Rytwinski et al., 2021). The map will focus on a specific set of problems from the taxonomy and provides a useful framework for categorizing interventions used to reduce these problems. 

Problem Analysis for Wildlife Protection in 55 Steps

This guide equips analysts to support decision-makers in preventing wildlife crime by applying a problem-oriented approach. It sets out how to make the analytic process work and offers methods to examine a problem from multiple angles to identify a suitable response. The guide provides analysts with techniques to assess whether or not the response worked and communicate findings with purpose. 

The Poaching Diaries (Vol. 1)

The Poaching Diaries: Crime Scripting for Wilderness Problems is an edited collection of contributions on wildlife crime prevention and wilderness problems. It is an outlet for practitioners, policy makers, and academics to tell stories that facilitate problem-solving. The aim is to present ideas that help governments and civil society diversify their approach to wildlife protection to achieve lasting impacts. The focus of Volume 1 is crime scripting, a useful process for unpacking problems and designing clever solutions. 

For an additional example of crime scripting for wilderness problems, see "Using Crime Scripting Analysis to Understand Wildlife Poaching in Vietnam" (Viollaz et al. 2021). In this study, crime scripting was used to tease out the different roles played by professional and subsistence hunters and the different opportunities they leveraged to illegally snare wildlife in Vietnam. The results of the crime script helped design a local suite of community-based crime prevention activities to reduce snaring.

Problem-Oriented Wildlife Protection

This guide explains how the ideas and principles of problem-oriented policing can be adapted to wildlife protection problems and explains how your organization could start a problem-oriented project of its own.

Bahasa Indonesia translation (Perlindungan Satwa Liar Berorientasi Pemecahan Masalah)

Bahasa Malaysia translation (Perlindungan Hidupan Liar Berorientasikan Masalah)

French translation (Protection de la Faune par Résolution de Problèmes)

Thai translation (การคุ้มครองสัตว์ป่า ด้วยการแก้ไขท8ตี ้นเหตุของปัญหา)

Lao translation (ການອະນຸລັກສັດປ່າ ດ້ວຍການແກ້ໄຂທ ີ່ຕ ົ້ນເຫດຂອງ ບັນຫາ ເອ ເອັມ ເລີມິເອີ ແລະ ອາ ເອສ ເອ ພິກເກ)

Spanish translation (Protección de la vida silvestre orientada a la resolución de problemas)

Wilderness Problem Specific Guides

These guides are designed to help law enforcement agencies structure their thinking and analysis about specific wilderness problems by synthesizing the academic literature available on the topic and providing a framework for problem solving at the local level.

Wildlife Poaching on U.S. Federal Lands (Guide No. 1)

Illegal and Unsustainable Hunting of Wildlife for Bushmeat in Sub-Saharan Africa (Guide No. 2)

Bahasa Indonesia translation (Perburuan Satwa Liar untuk Diambil Dagingnya Secara Ilegal dan Tak Berkelanjutan di Afrika Sub-Sahara)  

Illegal Commercial Fishing within the Exclusive Economic Zones of Coastal Countries (Guide No. 3)

Situational Crime Prevention Toolkit

Using Situational Crime Prevention to Address the Illegal Wildlife Trade (English)

This toolkit has been developed by Fauna & Flora International in collaboration with criminologists and conservation practitioners. It provides guidance to conservation practitioners on the steps needed to design, implement, monitor and evaluate situational crime prevention interventions in the context of illegal wildlife trade.

Spanish translation (Uso de prevención situacional del crimen para abordar el comercio ilegal de especies silvestres)

French translation (Utilisation de la prévention situationnelle de la criminalité pour agir contre le commerce illégal d’espèces sauvages)

Vietnamese translation (Bộ công cụ áp dụng phương pháp phòng ngừa tình huống phạm tội để giải quyết buôn bán động vật hoang dã bất hợp pháp)

Russian translation (Использование ситуационного предотвращения преступности в борьбе с незаконной торговлей объектами дикой природы)

Forthcoming Resources

Wilderness Problem Simulation

Interactive Poaching Problem Analysis Module

This ‘game’ exposes wildlife protection organizations to the problem-solving approach using a hypothetical example of poaching in a protected area. Players receive an overview of the problem and then choose data sources to explore it in greater depth. After analyzing the problem, they design tailored solutions that go beyond traditional enforcement.