Appendix B: Strategic Planning Framework for Preventing Student Party Riots
A comprehensive strategy should address the five stages of a student gathering presented earlier (see figure). It should also incorporate Ronald Clarkes techniques of situational prevention. These techniques fall under five general types of opportunity-reduction: increase the effort needed to commit an offense, increase the risk of detection, reduce the rewards gained from committing crime, reduce factors that can provoke a criminal response, and remove excuses justifying illegal behavior.§ The five gathering stages and five opportunity-reduction types can be combined to produce a strategic planning framework for preventing student party riots. Using this framework to organize and select your interventions will allow you to determine whether you have considered all intervention points (gathering stages) and opportunity-reduction types.
§ For more information on Clarke's situational prevention techniques, see the Center for Problem-Oriented Policing website: http://popcenter.org.
The following form provides an example of how you can use this strategic planning framework to develop a comprehensive strategy. It is not necessary to fill each cell with an intervention to create an effective action plan. Instead, using this table to classify your strategies will allow you to see whether there are opportunity-reduction types (rows) you have not considered, and whether you are concentrating too much or too little of your effort at a single intervention stage (columns). At minimum, a comprehensive strategy addresses each of the five stages. You should use at least two different types of responses at each stage to increase your likelihood of success.
As you can see, the example provided for addressing the student riot at Riverside Drive and 13th Street is weakest at stages 3 (assembling process) and 4 (assembled gathering). Two interventions should be used at each stage; however, no interventions are planned for the assembling process. Although two interventions are planned for the assembled gathering, both increase the risk of detection. Therefore, a different opportunity-reduction-type intervention should be included at this stage. The planning assessment section at the bottom of the form allows a supervisor to quickly see whether the action plan meets the basic criteria for a comprehensive strategy. A blank planning form is provided for you to duplicate and use when formulating your particular strategy.
| Strategic Planning Framework for Preventing Student Party Riots | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Event: Student riot at Riverside Drive and 13th Street__ Date: April 1, 2006_____________ Classification of Interventions | |||||
Opportunity-Reduction Type | STAGE 1 Initial Planning | STAGE 2 Preassembly | STAGE 3 Assembling Process | STAGE 4 Assembled Gathering | STAGE 5 Dispersal Process |
Increase Effort | Require party permits | Enforce no- parking | Provide transportation | ||
Increase Risk | Videotape gathering Use alternative deployment methods | ||||
Reduce Rewards | Sanitize location | ||||
Reduce Provocations | Use student patrols | ||||
Remove Excuses | Use Adopt-a-Cop program | Facilitate dispersal | |||
TOTAL INTERVENTIONS | 2 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
NUMBER OF TYPES USED | 2 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
Planning Assessment* | |||||
1. Have you used at least two interventions during each stage (see total interventions row)? 2. If not, which stage or stages are lacking two interventions? __Assembling Process _____________________________________________________________ 3. Have you used at least two different opportunity-reduction types during each stage (see number of types used row)? 4. If not, which stage or stages are lacking multiple opportunity-reduction types? __Assembling Process and Assembled Gathering__________________________________________ *You should consider changes or additions to your overall action plan if you answered "no" to any of the above questions. |
Free Bound Copies of the Problem Guides
You may order free bound copies in any of three ways:
Online: Department of Justice COPS Response Center
Email: askCopsRC@usdoj.gov
Phone: 800-421-6770 or 202-307-1480
Allow several days for delivery.
Email sent. Thank you.
Student Party Riots
Send an e-mail with a link to this guide.
* required
Error sending email. Please review your enteries below.
- To *
Separate multiple addresses with commas (,)
- Your Name *
- Your E-mail *
Copy me
- Note: (200 character limit; no HTML)
Please limit your note to 200 characters.