Endnotes

[1] Payne and Dabney (1997).

[2] Basca (2008b).

[3] U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (2011b).

[4] U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (2011b).

[5] Executive Office of the President of the United States (2011).

[6] Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (2011a).

[7] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2011).

[8] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2011).

[9] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2011).

[10] Rigg, March, and Inciardi (2010).

[11] Inciardi and Surratt (2005).

[12] Elhwairis and Reznich (2010); Chen et al. (2011).

[13] Manchikanti et al. (2010).

[14] Young and Havens (2012).

[15] Inciardi et al. (2007).

[16] Executive Office of the President of the United States (2011).

[17] Executive Office of the President of the United States (2011).

[18] Executive Office of the President of the United States (2011).

[19] Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (2011b).

[20] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2011).

[21] Amari et al. (2011).

[22] National Institute on Drug Abuse (2007).

[23] Garnier et al. (2010).

[24] Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (2011a).

[25] Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (2008).

[26] Wu, Pilowsky and Patkar (2008).

[27] Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (2011a).

[28] Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (2008).

[29] Teter et al. (2006).

[30] Maxwell (2006).

[31] Partnership for a Drug-Free America (2006).

[32] Partnership for a Drug-Free America (2006).

[33] McCabe, Teter, Boyd, Knight, and Wechsler. (2005).

[34] McCabe, Knight, Teter, and Wechsler (2005).

[35] Garnier et al. (2010).

[36] McCabe, Knight, Teter, and Wechsler (2005).

[37] National Institute on Drug Abuse (2010).

[38] Manchikanti et al. (2010).

[39]National Institute on Drug Abuse (2010).

[40] Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (2011b).

[41] National Institute on Drug Abuse (2010).

[42] Basca (2008a).

[43] U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (2011b).

[44] Maxwell (2006).

[45] Ramer (2001).

[46] Inciardi et al. (2006).

[47] Elliott et al. (2008).

[48] Wilford (1990).

[49] Fountain et al. (1997).

[50] Fountain et al. (1997).

[51] U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (2011b).

[52] Rigg, March, and Inciardi (2010).

[53] Alvarez (2011).

[54] U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (2000).

[55] Inciardi et al. (2010).

[56] Forman (2006).

[57] Lineberry and Bostwick (2004).

[58] Inciardi et al. (2010).

[59] Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (2011a).

[60] Inciardi et al. (2010).

[61] LaBelle, Venzon, and Barthe (2011).

[62] Johnson et al. (2011).

[63] Wick (1995); Health Canada (2005).

[64] U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (2000).

[65] Abington Police Department (1995).

[66] National Association of State Controlled Substances Authorities and Alliance of States with Prescription Monitoring Programs (2002); Fishman (2004).

[67] New York State Department of Health (2010).

[68] U.K. Department of Health (2008).

[69] Middleton (2000).

[70] National Alliance for Model State Drug Laws (2010).

[71] Fass (2011).

[72] Joranson et al. (2002); U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (2011a); U.S. General Accounting Office (2003); Katz et al. (2009); Reisman et al. (2009); Baehren et al. (2010); Blumenschein et al. (2010); Reifler et al. (2012).

[73]Wang and Christo (2009).

[74] Wang and Christo (2009); Feldman et al. (2011).

[75] Feldman et al. (2011).

[76] Lambert (2007).

[77] Forgione, Neuenschwander, and Vermeer (2001).

[78] Kentucky Cabinet for Health and Family Services and Kentucky Injury Prevention and Research Center (2010).

[79] Florida Department of Law Enforcement (2001).

[80]Barthwell et al. (2011).

[81]Weiss et al. (2011).

[82] Rossman et al. (2011).

[83] PMP Center of Excellence (2011).

[84] Eadie and Serich (2007).

[85] Forman (2006).