References

Ash, P., A. Kellermann, D. Fuqua-Whitley, and D. Johnson (1996). "Gun Acquisition and Use by Juvenile Offenders." JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association 275(22):1754–1758.

Bjerregaard, B., and A. Lizotte (1995). "Gun Ownership and Gang Membership." Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 86(1):37–58.

Block, C., and R. Block (1993). Street Gang Crime in Chicago. Research in Brief. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice. [Full text]

Braga, A. (2005). "Analyzing Homicide Problems: Practical Approaches to Developing a Policy-Relevant Description of Serious Urban Violence." Security Journal 18(4):17–32.

Braga, A. (2003). Gun Violence Among Serious Young Offenders. Problem-Oriented Guides for Police, Problem-Specific Guide No. 23. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Community Oriented Policing Services.

Braga, A., D. Kennedy, and G. Tita (2002). "New Approaches to the Strategic Prevention of Gang and Group-Involved Violence." In C. Huff (ed.), Gangs in America III. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage.

Braga, A., D. Kennedy, A. Piehl and E. Waring (2001)."Measuring the Impact of Operation Ceasefire." In Reducing Gun Violence: The Boston Gun Project's Operation Ceasefire.Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice. [Full text]

Clarke, R. (2004). Closing Streets and Alleys To Reduce Crime: Should You Go Down This Road? Problem-Oriented Guides for Police, Response Guide No. 2. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Community Oriented Policing Services.

Crawford, K. (1998). "Checkpoints: Fourth Amendment Implications of Limiting Access to High-Crime Areas." FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin 67(3):27–32. [Full text]

David, W. (1997). "The San Antonio Youth Firearm Violence Initiative." TELEMASP (Texas Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics Program) Bulletin 3(11):17. [Full text]

Davis, R. (1995). "Cruising for Trouble: Gang-Related Drive-By Shootings." FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin 64(1):16–22. [Full text]

Decker, S., and R. Rosenfeld (2004). Reducing Gun Violence: The St. Louis Consent-to-Search Program. NIJ Research Report. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice. [Full text]

Dedel, K. (2006). Witness Intimidation. Problem-Oriented Guides for Police, Problem-Specific Guide No. 42. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Community Oriented Policing Services.

Dunworth, T. (2000). National Evaluation of the Youth Firearms Violence Initiative. Research in Brief. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice. [Full text]

El Paso Police Department (2002). "The Drive-By Shooting Response Team (DSRT)." Submission for the Herman Goldstein Award for Excellence in Problem-Oriented Policing. [Full text]

Fritsch, E., T. Caeti, and R. Taylor (1999). "Gang Suppression Through Saturation Patrol, Aggressive Curfew, and Truancy Enforcement: A Quasi-Experimental Test of the Dallas Antigang Initiative." Crime & Delinquency 45(1):122–139.

Hemenway, D., M. Vriniotis, and M. Miller (2006). "Is an Armed Society a Polite Society? Guns and Road Rage." Accident Analysis and Prevention 38(4):687–695.

Huff, C. (2001). "Youth Gangs, Crime, and Public Policy." In H. Pontell and D. Shichor (eds.), Contemporary Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice: Essays in Honor of Gilbert Geis. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall.

Huff, C. (1998). Comparing the Criminal Behavior of Youth Gangs and At-Risk Youths. Research in Brief. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice. [Full text]

Hutson, H., D. Anglin, and M. Eckstein (1996). "Drive-By Shootings by Violent Street Gangs in Los Angeles: A Five-Year Review From 1989 to 1993." Academic Emergency Medicine 3(4):300–303.

Hutson, H., D. Anglin, and M. Pratts (1994). "Adolescents and Children Injured or Killed in Drive-By Shootings in Los Angeles." New England Journal of Medicine 330(5):324–327.

Jacobs, B. (2004). "A Typology of Street Criminal Retaliation." Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 41(3):295–323.

Jacobs, B., and R. Wright (2006). Street Justice: Retaliation in the Criminal Underworld. Cambridge, England; New York: Cambridge University Press.

Jones, G. (2002). "Gang Mediation: Nonviolent Resolution Within a Culture of Violence." Advocates Forum 3–13.

Katz, C., and V. Webb (2003). Police Response to Gangs: A Multisite Study. Phoenix, Arizona.: Arizona State University West. [Full text]

Kennedy, D., A. Piehl, and A. Braga (1996). "Gun Buybacks: Where Do We Stand and Where Do We Go?" In M. Plotkin (ed.), Under Fire: Gun Buybacks, Exchanges, and Amnesty Programs. Washington, D.C.: Police Executive Research Forum.

Klein, M. (1998). "The Problem of Street Gangs and Problem-Oriented Policing." In T. Shelley and A. Grant (eds.), Problem-Oriented Policing: Crime-Specific Problems, Critical Issues, and Making POP Work. Washington, D.C.: Police Executive Research Forum.

Lasley, J. (1998). "Designing Out" Gang Homicides and Street Assaults. Research in Brief. Washington, D.C.: U.S. National Institute of Justice. [Full text]

Lizotte, A., G. Howard, M. Krohn, and T. Thornberry (1997). "Patterns of Illegal Gun Carrying Among Young Urban Males." Valparaiso University Law Review 31(2):375–393.

MacDonald, J., J. Wilson, and G. Tita (2005). "Data-Driven Homicide Prevention: An Examination of Five Project Safe-Neighborhoods Target Areas." Working paper. Santa Monica, California: RAND.

Maxson, C. (1999). "Gang Homicide: A Review and Extension of the Literature." In M. Smith and M. Zahn (eds.), Homicide: A Sourcebook of Social Research. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage.

Maxson, C., K. Hennigan, D. Sloan, and K. Kolnick (2004). Can Civil Gang Injunctions Change Communities? A Community Assessment of the Impact of Civil Gang Injunctions. Irvine, California: University of California, School of Social Ecology. [Full text]

McGarrell, E., and S. Chermak (2003). "Problem-Solving To Reduce Gang and Drug-Related Violence in Indianapolis." In S. Decker (ed.), Policing Gangs and Youth Violence. Belmont, California: Wadsworth.

McGarrell, E., S. Chermak, and A. Weiss (2002). Reducing Gun Violence: Evaluation of the Indianapolis Police Department's Directed Patrol Project. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice. [Full text]

McGarrell, E., S. Chermak, A. Weiss, and J. Wilson (2001). "Reducing Firearm Violence Through Directed Police Patrol." Criminology & Public Policy 1(1):119–148. [Full text]

McGloin, J. (2005). Street Gangs and Interventions: Innovative Problem-Solving With Network Analysis.COPS Innovations: A Closer Look. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Community Oriented Policing Services. [Full text]

Milkovits, A. (2003). "A Wave of Drive-By Shootings in Providence: Teens, Cars, and Guns." Providence Journal, August 7, p. A1.

Mizell, L., M. Joint, and D. Connell (1997). Aggressive Driving: Three Studies. Washington, D.C.: AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety. http://www.aaafoundation.org/resources/index.cfm?button=agdrtext

Rosenfeld, R., T. Bray, and A. Egley (1999). "Facilitating Violence: A Comparison of Gang-Motivated, Gang-Affiliated, and Nongang Youth Homicides." Journal of Quantitative Criminology 15(4):495–516.

Rosenfeld, R., and S. Decker (1998). "Consent To Search and Seize: Evaluating an Innovative Youth Firearm Suppression Program." In T. Shelley and A. Grant (eds.), Problem-Oriented Policing: Crime-Specific Problems, Critical Issues, and Making POP Work. Washington, D.C.: Police Executive Research Forum.

Rosenfeld, R., and S. Decker (1996). "Consent To Search and Seize: Evaluating an Innovative Youth Firearm Suppression Program." Law and Contemporary Problems 59(2):197–220.

Ruddell, R., and G. Mays (2003). "Examining the Arsenal of Juvenile Gunslingers: Trends and Policy Implications." Crime & Delinquency 49(2):231–252.

Sampson, R., and M. Scott (2000). "Gangs: A Gang Problem in Boston, Mass." In Tackling Crime and Other Public-Safety Problems: Case Studies in Problem-Solving. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Community Oriented Policing Services. [Full text]

Sanders, W. (1994). Gangbangs and Drive-Bys: Grounded Culture and Juvenile Gang Violence. Hawthorne, N.Y.: Aldine de Gruyter.

Scott, M. (2003). The Benefits and Consequences of Police Crackdowns. Problem-Oriented Guides for Police, Response Guide No. 1. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Community Oriented Policing Services.

Scott, M., and K. Dedel (2006). Assaults in and Around Bars. Problem-Oriented Guides for Police, Problem-Specific Guide No. 1 (2nd ed.). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Community Oriented Policing Services.

Sherman, L. (2001). "Reducing Gun Violence: What Works, What Doesn't, What's Promising." Criminal Justice 1:11–25.

Sherman, L., J. Shaw, and D. Rogan (1995). The Kansas City Gun Experiment. Research in Brief. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice. [Full text]

Sherman, L., L. Steele, D. Laufersweiler, N. Hoffer, and S. Julian (1989). "Stray Bullets and 'Mushrooms': Random Shootings of Bystanders in Four Cities, 1977–1988." Journal of Quantitative Criminology 5(4):297–316.

Tita, G., and A. Abrahamse (2004). Gang Homicide in LA, 1981–2001. At the Local Level: Perspectives on Violence Prevention, No. 3. Sacramento, California: California Attorney General's Office. [Full text]

Tita, G., J. Riley, G. Ridgeway, and P. Greenwood (2005). Reducing Gun Violence: Operation Ceasefire in Los Angeles. NIJ Research Report. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice. [Full text]

Wakeling, S. (2003). Ending Gang Homicide: Deterrence Can Work. At the Local Level: Perspectives on Violence Prevention, No. 1.Sacramento, California: California Attorney General's Office and California Health and Human Services Agency. [Full text]

Weisel, D., and J. Stedman (1998). "Addressing Community Gang Problems: A Model for Problem-Solving." In T. Shelley and A. Grant (eds.), Problem-Oriented Policing: Crime-Specific Problems, Critical Issues, and Making POP Work. Washington, D.C.: Police Executive Research Forum.

White, M., J. Fyfe, S. Campbell, and J. Goldkamp (2003). "The Police Role in Preventing Homicide: Considering the Impact of Problem-Oriented Policing on the Prevalence of Murder." Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 40(2):194–225.

Wilkinson, D., and J. Fagan (2001). "What We Know About Gun Use Among Adolescents." Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review 4(2):109–132.

Wilkinson, D., and J. Fagan (1996). "The Role of Firearms in Violence Scripts: The Dynamics of Gun Events Among Adolescent Males." Law and Contemporary Problems 59(1):5590.

Wilson, J., S. Hiromoto, T. Fain, G. Tita, and K. Riley (2004). Homicide in San Diego: A Case Study Analysis. RAND Public Safety and Justice Working Paper. Santa Monica, California: RAND.

Wilson, J., and K. Riley (2004). Violence in East and West Oakland: Description and Intervention. RAND Public Safety and Justice Working Paper. Santa Monica, California: RAND.

Wintemute, G., M. Romero, and M. Wright (2004). "The Life Cycle of Crime Guns: A Description Based on Guns Recovered From Young People in California." Annals of Emergency Medicine 43(6):733–742.

Zavoski, R., G. Lapidus, T. Lerer, G. Burke, and L. Banco (1999). "Evaluating the Impact of a Street Barrier on Urban Crime." Injury Prevention 5(1):65–68.