References

Associated Press (2007). "Officials: Street Water Sales Risky." Wisconsin State Journal, July 2, p. C3.

Campbell, B., C. Zegeer, H. Huang and M. Cynecki (2004). A Review of Pedestrian Safety Research in the United States and Abroad. McLean, Virginia U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. [Full text]

Carole Millar Research (1998). Alcohol and the Pedestrian Road Casualty. Development Department Research Programme Research Findings No. 49. Edinburgh, Scotland: Scottish Office Central Research Unit.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (1989). "Current Trends: Queens Boulevard Pedestrian Safety Project—New York City." Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 38(5): 61–63.

Chu, X., M. Guttenplan and M. Baltes (2004). "Why People Cross Where They Do: The Role of the Street Environment." Unpublished. [Full text]

City of Madison Department of Transportation, Traffic Engineering Division (1999). "Field Evaluation of Experimental In-Street Yield to Pedestrian Signs." Submitted to Federal Highway Administration.

Clark, K., J. Hummer and N. Dutt (1996). "Field Evaluation of Fluorescent Strong Yellow-Green Pedestrian Warning Signs." Transportation Research Record 1538: 39–46.

Collins, G. (1998). "Walking the Walk, Against the Light." New York Times, January 14, p. 3B.

Cui, Z., and S. Nambisan (2003). "Methodology for Evaluating the Safety of Midblock Pedestrian Crossings." Transportation Research Record 1828:75–82.

Department of Public Works, Traffic Engineering Division, Arlington, Va.(n.d.). "ITE Pedestrian Project Award Application." Retrieved March 26, 2007. http://www.ite.org/activeliving/files/C-2-C_ppa019.pdf

Do, A. (2002). "Walking the Safety Walk." Public Roads 66(2):26. [Full text]

Ernst, M., L. Bailey, A. Canby and K. McCarty (2004). Mean Streets 2004: How Far Have We Come? Pedestrian Safety, 1994–2003. Washington, DC: Surface Transportation Policy Project. [Full text]

Giacopassi, D., and D. Forde (2000). "Broken Windows, Crumpled Fenders, and Crime." Journal of Criminal Justice 28(4):397–405.

Hakkert, A., V. Gitelman and E. Ben-Shabat (2002). "An Evaluation of Crosswalk Warning Systems: Effects on Pedestrian and Vehicle Behaviour." Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behavior 5(4):275–292.

Hamed, M. (2001). "Analysis of Pedestrians' Behavior at Pedestrian Crossing." Safety Science 38(1):63–82.

Hamilton-Wentworth Police Department (1994). "KIDestrians: Child Pedestrian Safety." Submission for the Herman Goldstein Project Award for Excellence in Problem-Oriented Policing (finalist). [Full text]

Harkey, D., and C. Zegeer (2004). "PEDSAFE: Pedestrian Safety Guide and Countermeasure Selection System." McLean, Virginia U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration.

Harrell, W. (1991). "Factors Influencing Pedestrian Cautiousness in Crossing Streets." Journal of Social Psychology 131(3):367–372.

Hatfield, J., and S. Murphy (2007). "The Effects of Mobile Phone Use on Pedestrian Crossing Behaviour at Signalised and Unsignalised Intersections." Accident Analysis and Prevention 39(1): 197–205.

Hill, M., and T. Roemer (1977). "Toward an Explanation of Jaywalking Behavior: A Linear Regression Approach." Man-Environment Systems 7(6):342–349.

Jason, L., and R. Liotta (1982). "Pedestrian Jaywalking Under Facilitating and Nonfacilitating Conditions." Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 15(3):469–473.

Keegan, O., and M. O'Mahony (2003). "Modifying Pedestrian Behaviour." Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 37(10):889–901.

Lee, C., and M. Abdel-Aty (2005). "Comprehensive Analysis of Vehicle-Pedestrian Crashes at Intersections in Florida." Accident Analysis and Prevention 37(4):775–786.

Los Angeles Department of Public Works (2007). "Slow Down LA County: Neighborhood Traffic Management Program." Retrieved March 25, 2007. http://ladpw.org/TNL/NTMP/Page_02.cfm

Markowitz, F., S. Sciortino, J. Fleck, and B. Yee (2006). "Pedestrian Countdown Signals: Experience With an Extensive Pilot Installation." ITE Journal 76(1):43–48. [Full text]

Moudon, A., P. Hess, M. Snyder, and K. Stanilov (1997). Effects of Site Design on Pedestrian Travel in Mixed-Use, Medium-Density Environments. Olympia, Washington: Washington State Department of Transportation.

Mullen, B., C. Cooper, and J. Driskell (1990). "Jaywalking as a Function of Model Behavior." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 16:320–330.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, National Center for Statistics and Analysis (2005). "Traffic Safety Facts: 2004 Data." Washington, D.C.: National Center for Statistics and Analysis. [Full text]

New York City Department of Transportation (n.d.). "Queens Boulevard Pedestrian Safety Study."

Ostrom, M., and A. Eriksson (2001). "Pedestrian Fatalities and Alcohol." Accident Analysis and Prevention 33(2):173–180.

Redmon, T. (2003). "Assessing the Attitudes and Behaviors of Pedestrians and Drivers in Traffic Situations." ITE Journal 7(3):26–30.

Retting, R., S. Ferguson and A. McCartt (2003). "A Review of Evidence-Based Traffic Engineering Measures Designed To Reduce Pedestrian-Motor Vehicle Crashes." American Journal of Public Health 93(9):1456–1463.

Roudsari, B., C. Mock, R. Kaufman, D. Grossman, B. Henary and J. Crandall (2004). "Pedestrian Crashes: Higher Injury Severity and Mortality Rate for Light Truck Vehicles Compared With Passenger Vehicles." Injury Prevention 10(3): 154–158.

Russell, J., D. Wilson and J. Jenkins (1976). "Information Properties of Jaywalking Models as Determinants of Imitated Jaywalking: An Extension of Model Sex, Race and Number." Sociometry 39(3):270–273.

San Diego Police Department (2001). "Project To Address and Reduce the Number of Traffic Collisions Involving Pedestrians." Submission for the Herman Goldstein Award for Excellence in Problem-Oriented Policing. [Full text]

Smith, Susan (2005–2007). Shawnee Police Department. Communication with J. Eck.

Sonnenberg, B. (2006). "Put Your Best Foot Forward." Time International, July 24, p. 17.

Teanby, D., D. Gorman and D. Boot (1993). "Pedestrian Accidents on Merseyside: The Case for Criminalization of Jaywalking." Injury 24(1):10–12.

Umhoefer, D. (2000). "Ticket Blitz Has Winners, Losers." Milwaukee Journal Sentinal, June 18, p. 015A.

U.S. Bureau of the Census (2005). "2005 American Community Survey." Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Walmsley, D., and G. Lewis (1989). "The Pace of Pedestrian Flows in Cities." Environment and Behavior 21(2):123–150.

Wilgoren, J. (1999). "Cross at Green? No. In Between: Only a Few Jaywalkers Are Getting Tickets, or Qualms." New York Times, April 9, p. 1B.

Yagil, D. (2000). "Beliefs, Motives and Situational Factors Related to Pedestrians' Self-Reported Behavior at Signal-Controlled Crossings." Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behavior 3(1):1–13.