Endnotes

[1] Farrington (1999).

[2] Dabney, Hollinger, and Dugan (2004).

[3] U.S. House of Representatives (2005).

[4]Palmer and Richardson (2009).

[5]National Retail Foundation (2011).

[6]National Retail Foundation (2011).

[7] Miller (2005).

[8]Hayes (2005).

[9]Clarke (1999).

[10] Ekblom (1986).

[11] Hayes (1997).

[12] Hayes (1997).

[13] Beck (2011).

[14] Ekblom (1986).

[15] Cardone (2006).

[16]Carmel-Gilfilen (2011).

[17] Parks (2008).

[18] Hayes (2005).

[19] Talamo (2007).

[20] Farrington (1999).

[21] Rafacz, Boyce, and Williams (2011).

[22] Farrington (1999).

[23] U.S. Government Accountability Office (2011).

[24] Dyball (2008).

[25] Bamfield (1998); Budden (1999).

[26] McCulloch (1996).

[27] Beck and Willis (1999).

[28] Beck and Willis (1999).

[29] Hobson (2001).

[30] Farrington et al. (1993); Handford (1994); DiLonardo (1996).

[31] DiLonardo (1996).

[32] DiLonardo and Clarke (1996).

[33] Woyke (2006).

[34] Parks (2007).

[35] Woyke (2006).

[36] Wyld and Budden (2009).

[37] Finklea (2012).

[38] Miller (2005).

[39]Charlotte-Mecklenburg Police Department (2003).

[40] Colorado Springs Police Department (2009).

[41] Hampshire Constabulary (2007).

[42]Boise Police Department (2012).

[43] Palmer and Richardson (2009).

[44] U.S. Government Accountability Office (2011).

[45] Virgillo (2012).

[46] Retail Industry Leaders Association (2011).

[47] Burrows (1988).

[48] Ekblom (1986).

[49] Bamfield (1997); Burrows (1988).

[50] Klemke (1992).

[51] Sacco (1985).